Qualitative Analysis Essay

Qualitative is where the results give a colour that you have to match up to a colour chart, or have you have done to see if it is positive or negative with a description of what a positive reaction should look like. This test is less reliable as some colour or positive reaction look similar to each other or the same but by adding different chemicals. An example of qualitative would be a pH test as the result gives you a colour and then you have to match it up to the pH scale to get you final result. Qualitative analysis is used to find out different ion in a given sample. This also analytical chemistry technique, this testing method uses many different tests to get a reaction that would link with different ions. Ions An Ion is an electrically charged particles that are formed when atoms are added or taken way. Metal atoms have positively charged ions and non-metal atoms have negatively charged ions. To work out how many ions a metal and non-metal should have is simple. Metals should have the same amount of charged ions as the group number they are in for example a metal in group 2 will have two positively charged ions. Non-metals should have the same amount of charged ions as the group number they are in but minus eight for example a non-metal in group 5 would have 3 negatively charged ions. Negative ions are called anions and positive ions are called cations. When testing for cations/metals you could use a flame test this is the simplest and quickest way of test for cations another way that you could test for cations is a sodium hydroxide test this test consist of adding sodium hydroxide to test compound when coloured precipitate is formed them stop adding the sodium hydroxide and see what the cation is by using the table below, this table show what colour the precipitate is and any further results.

The Tattooed Soldier

October 29, 2012 The Tattooed Soldier This book showed us many injustices in the United States and in Guatemala. We see many things happening in each country that let us see how daily life is in these countries. In Guatemala we see the army killing innocent people. No one is safe in Guatemala especially in the capital. We see that those who are fighting against the army to gain justice are targeted. These people are fighting for the rights they deserve and instead of being heard they are getting killed.Most try to run away to be safe but they are soon found and killed. We see this happening to Antonio and Elena in the story. They move to San Cristobal to be safe but soon they are found and Elena is killed along with her son. In the United States we see different injustices happening in Los Angeles. We find out that the LA riots are about to begin. They inform us briefly the unfair beating of Rodney King. The police are no longer respected and many gangs are shooting random people inc luding children.These gangs are marking their territory by tagging and anyone who tries to take over is killed. We see how unfair life is to the homeless and more specifically with immigrants. The government does not protect homeless people and they are left alone to die. Since undocumented people can’t get welfare they are forced to find other ways to get money. Undocumented people cannot get help from the government either so when they get robbed, raped, or beat they cannot go to the authorities. Along with these injustices there many others that are unfair to people.

Terror and Repression in Nazi Germany

One of the key proponents of Nazi ideology was a promise to birth a new Germany. This promise of national rebirth resonated strongly in the early 1930s, when the Weimar Republic was shaken to the core by economic and political crisis. At the centre of the Nazi vision stood the ‘national community’, depicted as the polar opposite to the conflict- ridden Weimar society. In a speech witnessed by the nation in January 1932, one year before his appointment as German chancellor, Adolf Hitler concluded that the resurrection of Germany depended on the creation of a ‘healthy, national, and strong’ community.But Hitler made clear that not everyone would be allowed to join: those who endangered the ‘body of the people’ had to be ruthlessly excluded. This was no joke. Hitler and other Nazi leaders had talked for years about the need to ‘cleanse’ Germany of various ‘community aliens’ (Gemeinschaftsfremde). Only by removing from soci ety all that was alien, sick, and dangerous, they claimed, could the uniform ‘national community’ emerge. Nazi leaders had no complete plan for the execution of their devastating vision.But it was clear that they envisaged, from early on, a fierce campaign of repression, targeting three groups in particular: political opponents (predominately left), social outcasts, and ‘racial aliens’ (Jews). Well before they gained power, the Nazis believed that an extensive policy of exclusion was needed for national salvation: their dream of a brighter future for Germany was always a dream of terror and destruction for those unfortunate enough to stand in the way.After Adolf Hitler was appointed chancellor of Germany on January 30, 1933, he took every opportunity to turn Germany into a one-party dictatorship. He also strategized carefully to arrange the police power necessary to implement his long-term policies of racial purification and European conquest both inside an d outside the legalities of the German constitution. On the night of February 27-28, 1933, a mentally disabled Dutch citizen set fire to the German parliament building, the Reichstag.Hitler and his propaganda minister, Joseph Goebbels, presented the incident as the prelude to an armed Communist uprising and persuaded the then President Paul von Hindenburg to establish what became a permanent state of emergency. This decree, known as the Reichstag Fire Decree, suspended the provisions of the German constitution that protected basic individual rights, including freedom of the press, freedom of speech, and freedom of assembly.The decree also allowed increased state and police intervention into private life, allowing officials to censor mail, listen in on phone conversations, and search private homes without a warrant or need to show reasonable cause. Essentially, the lives of all German citizens were controlled, and repression was vehemently practiced. Under the state of emergency esta blished by the decree, the Nazi regime could seize and detain citizens without reason and without restrictions on the length of imprisonment.Nazi policy against those on the borders of society involved various forms of discrimination. Social outcasts were excluded from an ever increasing number of benefits—from marriage loans to social housing—and those still on welfare had their benefits cut dramatically. Numerous cities established special ‘colonies’ where ‘anti-social’ and ‘degenerate’ families, were forced to live in a strictly controlled environment. On top of this, regional and national centers were set up to collect data on suspected individuals, such as abortionists and homosexuals.This was not just about keeping an eye on them. It was also supposed to aid their detention, and inject even more terror into a country stricken with it. Hitler and the Nazi regime also resorted to simple and extra-legal terror to intimidate opp onents (in a political sense). Nazi paramilitary formations, such as the Sturmabteilungen or SA, more commonly known as Storm Troopers and the Protection Squads (Schutzstaffel or SS), had been established during the 1920s to terrorize political opponents and to protect Nazi leaders.After the Nazis came to power, many members of these units were recruited as auxiliary policemen and given license to beat or kill persons at any given time, who they deemed to be opponents. Gleichschaltung was a word made up by the Nazis to describe their plans to establish totalitarian control over German political, economic and social life. By 1934, almost 1 million Germans gathered around the nation to declare a personal oath of loyalty to Hitler. For those who were not so enthusiastic, the Nazi reign of terror began almost immediately.Following their assumption of power, the Nazisswayed the state via propaganda, legal exclusion, intimidation, imprisonment and murder to eliminate any opposition to the ir revolution. After the Reichstag fire, socialists, communists and Democrats were taken to Dachau, one of the first Nazi concentration camps. The brutal reputation of Himmler’s secret police ensured that people who did not actively support the Nazis were too frightened to oppose them. While Gleichschaltung was used to describe the legal measures taken by Hitler and the Nazis from 1933 to 1934, this process continued until all aspects of German society were under Nazi control.By 1937, the Nazis controlled Germans’ political, cultural and social lives to an unprecedented degree. â€Å"The period from 1933 to around 1937 was characterized by the systematic elimination of non-Nazi organizations that could potentially influence people, such as trade unions and political parties. The regime also challenged the influence of the churches, for example by instituting the Ministry of Ecclesiastical Affairs under Hanns Kerrl. Organizations that the administration could not elimi nate, such as the schools, came under its direct control. †

Cannibalism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Cannibalism - Essay Example Philibrick (2001) traces the history of cannibalism and relates it to how the sailors and fishermen actually used to slaughter their own mates in the face of what is called an absolute necessity. He presented a side of history of cannibalism which is based on slaughtering humans in order to fulfill the needs of other humans under extreme conditions. He justifies cannibalism mostly on the basis of the acute needs which have to be fulfilled in order to actually allow others to survive. Therefore, the sense of civility did prevail in those who actually attempted to consume the flesh of their fellow travelers. This historical account provides a different dimension of how cannibalism has been practiced out of necessity (Sandel, 2010). It is critical to understand that from a relativist approach it may be difficult to justify or even define cannibalism, as it draws the line between what an acceptable behavior actually is and what it is not. Cannibalism has colonial roots; European invaders used it as a tool to civilize those who were engaged in such horrifying practice. As such, cannibalism was also used as a reason to use violence and killing against those who were practicing it in the New World. This dimension of cannibalism can suggest some sort of historical distortion about this practice in order to validate brutal attempts of using violence against those communities which were involved in this practice (Salisbury, 2001). Cannibalism can also be an act of revenge and anger, which lead to this practice even to date; cannibalism has also been viewed from this perspective by different tribes in Amazon. Cannibalism has also a compassionate face; during funerals, it is a practice caused by compassion. This kind of argument is relatively different from that of what typical anthropological theory actually stated. Cannibalism can also be based on the overall worldviews of those who practice it; it

Individual research brief Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Individual research brief - Essay Example Most of the company clients are famous and reputable restaurants, but it has not been selling to the general public as yet. Because the company has strong hold in the market of France, UK and Austria they would start their research from the same place. This would help them have a better understanding of what the general public is expecting from the product and what opinion they have about the restaurant quality of food that is on the list of Farina supplies. A research has to be conducted in the similar manner, the higher management of the company has decided to hire a team which could help them undertake the research and provide them with a research brief. They have had conversation over the phones and email correspondence which have highlighted the main research objectives. These research objectives would enable to target the right area and right target. Along with the target audience it will also help the researchers to find the methods they would adopt and what are the financial and procurement requirements for the research. In the end they would briefly explain their expected results and how long would they require to complete the research brief. The main objective of the paper is to observe and examine the attitude of the customer towards using Olive Oil at homes. It will give a wholesome view of the olive oil market along with the consumption of the product by the household and other users (Writings, 2014). The main objective have been divided further into three simple parts. The first part of the objective is to examine how oil are used in domestic settings, and what are the customer requirements. The objective to establish the understanding that how many households are using the product and how satisfied are they. It will also discover what kind of olive oil they are using and would also generate results of the expected product from the makers. The second part of the objective is to

Regina Carter Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Regina Carter - Assignment Example With her album, Regina Carter pays tribute to her grandfather who worked as a coalminer in Alabama and whom he never saw (â€Å"Violin Virtuoso Regina Carter†). The entire album is the mix of folk jazz, contemporary jazz, gospel, country music, spirituals, blues and R&B. Personally for me, the most striking and interesting pieces appeared to be I’m Goin’ Home, See See Rider, and Trampin’; they impressed me greatly. The melody of I’m Goin’ Home reminded of a traditional spiritual. The piece started with the guitar party which was then picked up by accordion. The piece reminded of a spiritual because of its emotional coloring and the way the instruments, guitar, accordion, and violin, reflected longing and even homage. The piece was performed moderato, and such a choice of tempo created the feeling of spaciousness. In the piece titled See See Rider Regina Carter used elements of country music. In fact, it was the melody that reminded of some rural song. The main thing that defined the piece as jazz was the rhythm. More specifically, the piece was characterized by syncopation and swung notes. However, the most notable was the second part of See See Rider because of the soloist’s masterful improvisation. Trampin’ was the piece that impressed me most of all. It was so because of its funky and greasy character. It is possible to say that there were two lines in the piece. The first line was comprised of the parties of drums, guitar and recorded vocal party, and the second was the actual party of the soloist. The piece was also energetic because of the great number of syncopations and swung notes characteristic of blues. Overall, the jazz concert was the best I had ever attended. First of all, music itself was so sophisticated and full of emotional honesty. Secondly, performance was amazing as well. Not only the soloist, Regina Carter

Discussion Board 1-1 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Discussion Board 1-1 - Essay Example Examples of common tragic events that lead to crisis include and not limited to terrorism, suicides, earthquakes, tornadoes and hurricanes, financial meltdowns, job termination and deaths. Crises have three main elements namely, stressor event, perception of the event and effects and inadequate resources or incompetent strategies to absolve the given problems. Usually, psychologists gain interests to study life events after realizing associated negative effects of the events on human survival. In the same manner, the interest to study crises related to their effects on human life. The objectives of such studies are to find reasonable and reliable interventions to avoid and suppress human suffering due to the tragic events. Ideally, crisis intervention strategies differ from other counseling therapeutic intervention in certain ways. Compared to other counseling therapeutic interventions such as Structural Theory, Cognitive Behavioral and Systems theory among others, crisis intervention can take place at any place and setting and can be formal or informal. For example, depending on the severity of a stressing event, counselors might find it necessary to start crisis intervention in a chaotic and disorganized environments such those just hit by hurricanes, suicides or serial shootings. This form of intervention sounds informal and may not work with other counseling interventions. Another difference between crisis interventions from other counseling therapeutic interventions is that many counselors with different expertise can work as a team to handle single case of treatment (Jackson-Cherry & Erford, 2014). This is difficult especially with Structural, Systems and Cognitive Behavioral Theories that are mostly effective when implemented by single counselors. For instance, crises intervention for a tragic event such as earthquake that leaves people in various problems may need various expatriates in Cognitive Behavioral, Systems, Psychoanalytic, Experiential and

State Sovereighty Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

State Sovereighty - Essay Example However, the more powerful territorial states repeatedly violated the national jurisdiction of the weaker ones and were legally free to â€Å"make war, violate human rights, neglect the welfare of citizens, and damage the ecology†. (Weiss, 2007, p. xiv) This classical definition of sovereignty eventually came to an end as effected by the two Hague Peace Conferences of 1899 and 1907. The result of the conference was the foundation of three conventions and three declarations which stipulated the laws that would govern international attitude towards land warfare, sea warfare, and peaceful settlement of disputes. Sovereignty in the classical sense was challenged by economic globalization and the development of alliances, regional coalitions, and shared currency. It was imposed upon by victors and the emerging community of nations clamoring for a secure and peaceful co-existence. Furthermore, it was realized that respect for human rights were equally important as territorial integrity and that states have a dual responsibility; internal respect for the well being of its people and external respect for the sovereignty of other states. Bodin first introduced the modern meaning of sovereignty during the sixteenth century. Through him, we are able to identify the modern definition of a sovereign state as a group of people living in a community, organized under a sovereign government which exercises the power of making and enforcing laws within the community, and is not itself subject to any superior government. The modern meaning of sovereignty is anchored on a people’s ability to adopt its own basic law, and to propose and adopt amendments to the basic law by directly deciding on all issues, instead of delegating decisions to national legislatures, and a duty to protect human rights. According to Daniel Philpott (2001), sovereignty has come closer to enjoying universal explicit assent than any other principle of political organization. (p. 3) The United Nations

Qualitative Interface Evaluation of Website Essay

Qualitative Interface Evaluation of Website - Essay Example User interface of a given product is evaluated using various techniques. The main aim of assessing the interactivity of an interface is to see the design of that interface ensures that the user is able to accomplish their tasks. The main objective of interface evaluation is to help the designers and developers of the product to minimize the malfunctions in the system, Gould and Lewis (1985) also asserts that feedback to the developers is very critical to ensure that there is an interactive process of product development. An interface is said to be good one if the users of all levels from novice to experts are able to accomplish their tasks. User interface experts have for over years been designing the best way to evaluate the interface. The evaluation therefore defines two groups; the experts and novice evaluators where each one has their level of evaluating the product within the development cycle of the program. Interactive user interface is a part of the software or the hardware t hat enables the user to interact with that product or the computer. For instance, computer users interact with the computer via software interfaces. According to Melody & Marti (2002), a web site that was poorly designed reduces the revenue and the performance of an organization. The main question is which is the best design principles for a quality website. Many evaluation techniques looks at the human daily activities and habits where the website should imitate these behavior. For a website the following are some of the criteria to be used in evaluating a website. Text elements of a website are important features that evaluators check, text should be visible with high quality but very simple to understand by the users. There should be minimal text with the web page. This is called clarity and concise. The number of links are very important too they tell us how easy is it to navigate from one page to another. There should be many ways in which the user can accomplish their tasks. T oo much external links make a bad website however. The colors which indicate that the link has been visited or not yet should be distinct and outstanding. The images in the site is also important the size and color adjustments should make it attractive. There should be interactive graphics which make users participate actively in the sites operations. Software guidelines and heuristic evaluation techniques will be used in the analysis of the site. Techniques of evaluating interface According to Afonso et al., (2011), evaluation of user interface entails measuring of how easy the interface is to learn by a new user and adopt to the environment. Learning outcomes are measured y how someone can be able to navigate from one level to another, the use of shortcuts and minimal errors. The user satisfaction is another factor in a good interface, if users yarn to use the interface once ore then it is a good one. Interface evaluation is a process that aims at establishing problems of the inte rface which is a process that requires several activities done. The techniques below are used by stakeholders of the hardware or software product at different levels such as experts and end users. Experts in UI evaluate the interface during formative evaluation while end users test the system by cognitive and pluralistic walkthrough (www.cs.umd.edu).There are several techniques used in interface evaluation such as; Heuristic evaluation

Philosophy and the Future Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Philosophy and the Future - Assignment Example The last theory that he put forward was that a person should accept the fact of absurdism and in this way, he would lead a better life. The reason behind this is that a person knows that life has no meaning and in that way, he would live his life to the fullest. Absurdism is one philosophy which actually denies a proper meaning to life. Many philosophers have argued against this. If absurdism is a belief that is universally accepted then it can be argued that the meaning of philosophy itself is nothing because since life has no purpose then why should one actually assess its outcome and search for a way of living. Not believing in life would actually mean not believing in one’s own existence. A logical explanation to the meaning of life is essential and it must be considered. The meaning of life is one thing that a person must analyze so that he understands his own existence. It is something that a person derives from learning and knowledge. Absurdism is actually an easy way out that a person discovers when he denies his search of life. Absurdism is actually living a life of self-denial. Meaning of life can be understood on the basis of religion as is accepted by many. It can also be based upon the principles of utilitarianism which i ndicates that the purpose of leading a normal life is dependant upon the principle of happiness which indicates that a person performs those acts which would bring about the maximum happiness. Religion and utilitarianism teach a person about his own existence, about the purpose of life and the creation of a happy and healthy world. Human beings are finite beings. Despite that many philosophers have put forward the theory about the existence of God who as explained is an infinite, Supreme Being. This means that human beings definitely have the power to consider and examine the infinite being.  

Fare .v. Michael. C Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Fare .v. Michael. C - Case Study Example Additionally, despite the defendant claiming that, police officers violated his Miranda’s Fifth Amendment right of being silent; he is ignorant of the law. Since, regardless of stating the right of silence, which the police violated, he waived the law by admitting interrogations when he had already declined (Scherr & Madon, 2012). The case entails a murder committed by an unknown person but after the arrest of Michael C. by the police and interrogating him while, in custody, they find him quilt. Hence, they file a case against him claiming the defendant was involved in the murder of Robert Yeager where he ought to face the law (U.S. Supreme Court, 1966). However, the defendant claims that, what he uttered during the interrogation was due to the police’s compulsion; hence, they did violate his Fifth Amendment. Therefore, the information attained in this manner according to him, the court cannot utilize it in determining his fate before the court of law. Conversely, the court rules he was aware when he chose to continue with the interrogation despite the soldiers informing him about his privileges; so his action was due to ignorance (Scherr & Madon, 2012). The court eventually resolves that the defendant gave the required information voluntarily thus; California’s court erred in admitting there wa s an invocation of the right of silence when he asked for a probation officer instead of an attorney (Blackmun, 1979). The court holds that, California’s Supreme Court erred in stating there was an invocation of the defendant rights of inquiring the probation officer to be present during the interrogation incident (U.S. Supreme Court, 1966). This is because the probation officer despite charged with the responsibility of safeguarding the defendant rights, his capacity does not qualify him to replace an attorney in legal matters. Since, the probation is a state’s employee responsible for ensuring the defendant’s conduct especially in

African American-European American Iat Essay Example for Free

African American-European American Iat Essay The version of the IAT, that I chose to take is the African American – European American IAT. There were a few steps in order to complete the test; the first step was to fill out information about myself. The questions that I answered were related to my age my educational status, nationality, religious beliefs and my current state of employment. The next step of the test was to choose either ‘E,† or ‘I,† to indicate my choice of African American for a picture of a African American or European American for a picture of a European American. The next series of questions asked me to select either African American grouped with â€Å"bad,† or European American with â€Å"good’. Another series of questions was visually posed this time with, African American grouped with good and European American grouped with bad. The results show that data suggests a strong automatic preference for European American’s compared to African Americans. My automatic preference was toward European Americans. The results of this test aren’t very surprising to me. In class we were told how the test would go, so I already knew what to expect. There was a small bit of doubt whether or not the test would indicate a strong preference for one or the other at all though, because I am Hispanic. I would have speculate that based on the fact that I grew up primarily in white suburbia in a private school that almost exclusively consisted of all white students, that my preference is a subconscious choice. I am most familiar with European Americans therefore I chose them over African Americans. There is a distinction between implicit attitudes and explicit attitudes, that distinction is simple. Implicit attitudes are the attitudes that we don’t think about, they are automatic. Explicit attitudes are the attitudes that are consciously controlled. According to Gawronski and Bodenhausen, in the text, Social Psychology,†Our automatic implicit attitudes regarding someone or something often differ from our consciously controlled, explicit attitudes†(p.51). From the results of the IAT that I took, I would have to say that my implicit attitudes towards African Americans, do not match my explicit attitudes about African Americans. The reason that I believe that my implicit attitudes are different from my explicit attitudes is that I usually make a conscious decision to be friendly and welcoming to any person that I come in contact with regardless of gender, race, age, or sexual orientation. The results are mildly surprising, however, I believe that I am more accustomed to being in the company of European Americans, and therefore I show a distinct implicit attitude favoring them. Implicit attitudes are a dangerous thing; we should pay particular attention to how we label people explicitly, so that with time, we can manipulate our unconscious attitudes and impulse reactions to certain people. A good example of problems that people run into with their improper mind set comes to us from our text, Social Psychology. Age is the example Bugental and Hehman used in 2007, when they discovered that people treat the elderly differently than they do people whom are younger, they explain that â€Å"People’s perceptions of the elderly- as generally kind but frail, incompetent, and unproductive- predispose patronizing behavior†¦Ã¢â‚¬ (p. 308). It’s that attitude that people hold about the elderly that according to Bugental and Hehman, â€Å"predispose patronizing behavior, such as baby-talk speech that leads elderly people to feel less competent and act less capably’ (p. 308). It is important that we change our thinking, because if we continue to have the same biases, we not only do our selves a disservice in being implicitly and or explicitly inappropriate in our attitudes, but we also risk the chance of hurting others in our actions. Works Cited Myers, D. C. (2010). Social psychology (10th ed. ). New York: McGraw-Hill. Pages 51,308 Psych 312 Extra Credit 10pts 5-8-13 Eli J. Guymon Gender – Career IAT The second test that I took was the gender – career IAT. Before the test began, I was asked to report my beliefs about women versus men in the work force and women versus men in the home life. The second set of questions asked me to fill out information about myself. The questions that I answered were, what is my age, my educational status, nationality, religious beliefs and my current state of employment. Following those questions were questions about my family growing up, they wanted to know if I had a mother as a primary care giver, and if she worked outside of the home, specifying what she did for a living, and if there was a secondary caregiver, such as a father or step father, where they employed outside the home, and what their occupation was. The next step of the test was to choose either ‘E,† or ‘I,† to indicate my choice. The groupings in the first series of visual concepts to match were men’s names with the word men and women’s names with the word women. The next step was to match men with career minded words and women with household related words. Finally in the final sets of matching words the groupings were reversed so that men and household related items were a pair and women with career minded words belonged together. According to the results, data suggested little or no association between male and female with career and family. I did not have a automatic preference. My explicit and implicit attitudes match, I do not consciously nor do I subconscious place anyone in a group that favors either individual in the work place or family. I am not surprised by my results because I was raised in a home where my mother was a primary care giver but I also received care giving from my step father. Both my mother and my step father worked outside of the home. Both my mother and my step father shared responsibilities equally except where one person seemed to enjoy a task more than the other, that partner would assume say a specific domestic role that the other was happy to not have to do. For an example of a domestic role that both of my parents needed to be done but one seemed to favor it over the other, grilling outside, was my step fathers domestic role because my mother did not enjoy doing that work, and my step father rarely did his own laundry, because it was a task that my mother felt comfortable doing by herself.

What are events?

What are events? 2.1 WHAT ARE EVENTS? Events play a vital role in human society. The least excuse could be found for good forms of celebrations. Events are planned acts and performances, which originates from ancient history. Events and festivals are well documented in the historical era before the fall of the Western Roman Empire (A.D 476). They serve important function for the society, providing participants with the opportunity to assert their identities and to share rituals and celebrations with each other. Events have its stem from cultural and historical values. In the middle ages, events and ceremonies played a major role in ensuring that a dull daily existence was enlivened and that people was entertained. Since at that time there was no TV or Net for entertainment. People have traditionally celebrated religious festivals, Christmas, Easter, Cavadee, Maha Shivratree. They have also participated in other major events staged by rulers of ancient time. In the seventeen and eighteen century, Kings have organized even ts in a way to have control on the public. In modern societies, traditional religious and national festivals are no longer a key focus for celebrations and gatherings. They focus on creative events like weddings, anniversaries, award ceremonies, and so on.( Shone and Parry, 2004) An event is any gathering that occurs at a given time in a given place. It is an occurrence, a significant gathering that takes place in a social setting. However, there are no standardized definitions of what is an event. An event is â€Å"a unique moment in time celebrated with ceremony and ritual to satisfy specific needs†.( Goldblatt 1997 p. 2) The Accepted Practices Exchange (APEX) industry glossary of terms (CIC ,2003) defines an event as, an organized occasion such as a meeting, convention, exhibition, special event, gala dinner, etc. an event comprises of many different yet related functions. Getz (2005, p. 16) argues that a principle applying to events is that they are temporary and that ‘ Every such event is unique streaming from the blend of management, program, setting and people. Modern events vary in terms of their scale, complexity and number of stakeholders involved. Small Event Massive Event Few stakeholders Many stakeholders Clear objectives Complex objectives There are different types of events that have been developed around the world to suit the needs of everyone. It ranges from individual to business events that bring together people around the world. 2.1.1The importance of events It is crucial for event organizers to address the needs of the stakeholders, the direct and indirect participants. Event organizers have to keep in mind his clientele. If for them it is the nth event they are organizing, they should keep in mind that this same event may be the first one, the dream and opportunity of a lifetime for its participants and spectators. Bearing this in mind, event organizers must organize each event with the same zeal, motivation and thrill as they organized the first one. Organizers have to address the precise nature of their tasks as each event has different characteristics and requirements. Moreover all events and their customers are important. They deserve the best treatment every time an event occurs. It is important for event organizers to offer the best treatment possible as a poor service will result in customer dissatisfaction and loss of business in the long run.( Watt, 1998) Events have a number of roles in a destination (Yeoman, Robertson, et al, 2004). Getz, 1997, identifies these as ‘attractions, image makers, animators of static attractions and catalyst for further development. They have the potential to reduce negative impacts of mass visitation and foster better host-guest relations. Events can expand tourists season, extend peak season or even bring in new season into the life of a community. The community development perspective on event tourism acknowledges the elements of community spirit and pride, corporation, leadership, improvement of community traditions, capacity to control development, improvement to social and health services and environmental quality. 2.1.2 Characteristics of the best events The elements that make best events are: A clear vision and an explicit reason for everyones work. SMART objectives to which everyone is committed. An adequate, flexible organizational structure competent to accomplish precise tasks, but retaining a large unity of purpose. Staffs that is committed and ready to ‘go the step beyond. Strong leadership to be able to manage the event. Exact thorough planning carried out and documented within an suitable timescale. A coordinated team effort that operates within financial plans, drawing on all accessible resources. Well-organized lines of communications. An excellent public image. Successful advertising and presentation, and built in contingency tactics. Full commitment towards customers. Efficient ongoing control and monitoring systems. An ambiance of harmony, focus and hard work, humor and interest. Good post event assessment. (Adapted from Watt, 1998) 2.2Event Concept All events start with an idea. The idea describes the event in its simplest forms. Concepts are clear statements that give meaning and parameters to an event idea. Defining an event concept is a creative process. The 5 Ws: WHO, WHAT, WHY, WHEN and WHERE, are tools used for transforming an idea into a concept. The Ws helps to know if an event idea is feasible, viable and sustainable. Those questions are crucial as they shape the event design and reflect the event purpose (Goldblatt. 2001). WHO: events bring together people who deliver the event experience. Those people include suppliers, stakeholders, audience, planers and so on. For events to be successful it is important to determine who is responsible for what. Also communication should flow smoothly among all people involved as events have impacts on wider communities. WHAT: Events experiences includes organizational teams that designs the contents of the event. This process is time consuming. By creating a mission statement specific goals and needs are set up. The mission statement defines the objective and assists in establishing the event in the wider external context. WHY: It is important to consider why an event is happening. Consider the purpose of the event. All events have a purpose, whether it is an inaugural ceremony, cultural festival or a political meeting. WHEN: Timing of events is a critical factor for its success. In the design and development stage, planning process, including research, funding, marketing and design has to be considered. In the event delivery process venue availability, production timelines, performers, customers, competing events and supplier availability needs to be taken into account. WHERE: the location of the event needs to be considered. The choice of venues depends on type of events, organizations budget and accessibility to the public. (Source: Robinson, Wale and Dickson, 2010) 2.3Event classification Events are generally classified according to their size and type. Firstly we will look at the event classification by size; which is mainly of three categories: Mega events Hallmark events Major events 2.3.1Mega Events Mega Events are very large events with crowded audience and a good management team behind its organization. Allen et al. (2005) defines mega events as ‘those that are so large they affect whole economies and reverberate in the global media. They include Olympic Games and World Fairs. Mega events require many years of organization and it targets tourists as well as the host population organizing the event. Mega Events look into every aspect of life at the destination during the event; transport, medical services in case of injuries, retail outlets. (Getz 1997) suggests that mega events should have more than one million visitors and capital cost amounting to at least 500 million. It should have a reputation of a must see event. Additionally he argues, ‘Mega events, by way of their size or significance, are those that yield extraordinarily high levels of tourism, media coverage, prestige or economic impact for a host destination. Till now, in Mauritius has not yet organized such mega events. 2.3.2Hallmark Events Hallmark Events are not on such huge scale. Such events take place repeatedly in the same destination. The term hallmark event refers to a recurring event that possesses such significance, in terms of tradition, attractiveness, image, or publicity, that the event provide the host venue, a community, or destination with a competitive advantage.(Getz, 1997) ‘Those events that become so identified with the spirit or ethos of a town, city or region, that they become synonymous with the name of the place, and gain widespread recognition, and awareness. (Allen et al. , 2005). The benefits of such hallmark events are the creation of new facilities, improvements to the infrastructure, an increase in tourism revenues. In Mauritius, the religious festivals, namely, Maha Shivratree and cavadee which are celebrated by the Hindus, attract many tourists and there is also media coverage. 2.3.3Major Events Major Events can involve more people than a hallmark event. Such events have great pulling power in terms of visitors, media and performers/competitors. They also generate significant economic impact in the host destination. Major events are a source of temporary employment for some people (for example, to work on food stalls, cleaning services, etc.). It also attracts a number of volunteers and media coverage. Many top international sporting championships fits into this category, and are increasingly being sought after, and bid for by national sporting organizations and governments in the competitive world of international major events. (Allen et al. 2002) It can be said that, in Mauritius there has been major events. One of them being les Jeux des Iles de lOcean Indien held in 2003 where a games village was constructed at ebene for the accommodation of the athletes. Now the government has sold those apartments. There has also been international media coverage of the event and medical facilities, retail outlets, transportation of athletes, etc were provided. 2.4Special Eventsand Festivals In recent years special events have become one of the fastest growing sectors of the tourism industry. As stated by G. Bowdin, I. McDonnell et al, 2001, the term special events enclose specific rituals, presentations, performances and celebrations. Special events are staged to mark or celebrate a special occasion. The defining characteristic of a special event is its transience; ( Gilbert and Lizotte, 1998: 73). This suggest it would be impossible to tempt and maintain the same sense of thrill if a particular special event were to be held more often ( Yeoman, Robertson, et al, 2004). Special events include national day celebration, sporting events, and important civic occasions. An example could be, the Maha Shivratree festival celebrated by the Hindus in Mauritius. Getz (2005, p. 16) Defines special events from two perspectives. One from the point of view of the event organizer and the second from the eye of the guest. ‘A special event is a one time or frequently occurring event outside normal programmes or activities of the sponsoring or organizing body To the guest the ‘event is an opportunity for a leisure, social or cultural experience outside the normal range of choices or beyond everyday experience. Getz added that the characteristics of special events are specialness, it creates a mood of festivity among the guests, they are unique and authentic. They have specific themes. The word festival is derived from feast and implies a unique time for celebration. Festivals connect landscape to lifestyle and complex ways by introducing the human dimension. Those events entertain locals and offer recreational activity in and out season for visitors. Media coverage generated by events helps destinations build assurance and a positive image in the tourism market place. Festivals are striking to communities looking to tackle issues of civic design, local pride and identity, heritage, urban renewal, employment opportunities and economic growth. The more an event is seen by its host community as emerging from within rather than imposing on them, the greater that communitys approval of the event will be. Festivals and events generally represent the host communitys sense of itself and sense of place. Among the attributes that Getz believes makes an event special and unique are its festive spirit, uniqueness, quality, authenticity, tradition, hospitality, theming and symbolism. Conferences fall under the generic umbrella of the term event. Therefore, it is important to consider the MICE industry when talking about events. 2.5 The MICE Industry The Meetings, Incentives, Conventions and Exhibitions (MICE) Industry is known as a service industry that combines trade, transportation, travel and finance. It is also known as business tourism whereby people come to attend conferences, for example. MICE Tourism attracts invaluable business to a region and in return brings high returns to local economies in the sense that business tourists spend more, not only on hotels and restaurants but even on leisure activities such as visits to retails and local attractions such as museums and theaters (Clark, 2004). Attendees of MICE activities are known as ‘high spend travelers that meet the needs of yield driven tourism strategies (Braun, 1992). The MICE industry is characterized by the 3 Highs High growth potential, high added values and highly beneficial innovations†. ; The â€Å"three larges large output, Large opportunities for employment and large industry associations† ; and the â€Å" three advantages advantage s over industries in human resources, technological knowhow and the efficient utilization of resources†. It has been cited that within tourism, meetings and conventions are one of the fastest growing segments (Weber Ladkin, 2003; Oppermann, 1996; Oppermann Conn, 1997). The MICE sector is considered to be the blue chip of the tourism industry. The stakeholders in Mauritius are placing special interest and investing highly in this lucrative business of conferences to attract MICE businesses from particularly high profile destinations. Meetings are structured events which bring people collectively to argue a topic of common interest, may be commercial or non commercial, may be attended by 6 or more people and may last a few hours or a week. What makes a meeting qualify as part of the tourism business is that it engages some of the service of the tourism industry, and is generally held away from the location of the organisation running it ( Davidson, 1994). There are various types of meeting that occurs in different settings and many goals or objectives for conducting a meeting (Boehme, 1999). Incentive travel is a universal management instrument that uses an outstanding travel experience to encourage and/or recognise participants for improved levels of performance in support of the organizational goals. (SITE, 1998) Conferences are participatory meetings that are designed mainly for the purpose of discussions, to find about a particular subject, to solve problems and consultation. Conferences are usually on a smaller scale and the flow of information is less complex. Conferences are usually limited in time and have specific objectives. The Meetings Industry Association (1996) defines a conference as ‘ An event involving 10 or more people for a minimum of four hours during one day or more, frequently held outside the companys own premises. Exhibitions. ‘Exhibitions bring suppliers of goods and services together with buyers, usually in a particular industry sector. (Allen et al. 2002:15) Recently there has been an initiative to not use the â€Å"MICE Market† label but instead â€Å"The Meetings Industry† as it encompasses every aspect of the MICE label. 2.6 Marketing of events and conferences Marketing is seen as an integrated process of producing, distributing and selling goods and services. Lyndsey Taylor sums up the key characteristics and messages that genuine marketing contains: Meeting customer needs Attracting new customers Reacting to market trends Keeping up with competitors Encouraging customer loyalty Targeting specific customers Identifying market opportunities Noting customer feedback Getting it right every time The event industry is seen as a service industry. Events have the same characteristics as services (Watt, 1998). They are: Intangible customers enjoy the benefits and enjoyment of the event, but they cant touch the event Perishable- the benefits and enjoyment cannot be stored and carried forward to a future time. It has to be enjoyed on the spot. Inseparable- it takes event organizers and customers to make an event happen Consistent- it is important to offer consistent products an services as todays customers are looking for consistency Lack of ownership- events do not belong to any one. They are temporarily enjoyed by many. Since events are the same as services it becomes important to market them. Marketing is a persuasive tool to attract people to an event. Event marketing is defined by: 1. â€Å"The marketing concept holds that the key to achieving organizational goals consists of determining the needs and wants of target markets (defined as the set of actual and potential buyers of products) and delivering the desired satisfactions more effectively and efficiently than competitors†. (Kotler, 2000) 2. â€Å"The functions of event management that can keep in touch the events participants and visitors (consumers), read their needs and motivation, develop products that meet those needs, and build a communication programme which expresses the events purpose and objectives. (Hall, 2000) 2.6.1 Factors in marketing Marketing can be affected by a range of factors, some controllable and some not (Watt, 1998). He further stated companies must be aware of them: Location; attractiveness and accessibility of the place as well as environmental factors like traffic and scenery. Social factors; the attitudes of those involved in making an event or conference to happen affects peoples attitudes to what is appropriate. Cultural influences; different groups in society; ethnic groups, social groups, will view events from different angles. Fashion; at certain period certain events will be in craze and will attract large attendees. Political factors; government will be in favor of those events that fits their beliefs. Economic factors; how much money is available to hold an event or conference. Is there a need for sponsorship? Philosophy; the beliefs and attitudes of people will affect the range of events provided. 2.6.2 Marketing Concept; theMarketing Mix The marketing mix is a combination of marketing tools that are used to satisfy customers. It is the parameters that are within the control of marketing managers. The marketing mix is dependent upon environmental scanning, market research, understanding users and offering quality products and services. The marketing mix can be adjusted on a frequent basis to meet the changing needs of target population and other dynamics of the marketing environment. In the events industry, event organizers take into consideration the changing needs of its customers to develop their marketing mix. Jerome McCarthy (1960), a famous marketer states that marketing decisions fall under four categories: 2.6.2.1 Product This is the end result the event; exhibition, show or conference. It also involves all ancillary contributions like programmes, presentations, quality production and customer care. 2.6.2.2 Price Can the event be provided at an affordable price? Can price packages be assembled to support group attendance or tourist rates? 2.6.2.3 Place Place has several aspects. These include: Venue, transport, accommodation, emergency access, car parking, geographic location, host town, catering location, environmental conditions, signposting, country, maps, region. 2.6.2.4 Promotion Promotion also has several aspects, including: Advertising, logo, pamphlets, displays, publicity, posters, merchandising. Appendix K elaborates on the role of promotion in the marketing mix An excellent event manager will balance these aspects to produce a fine marketing mix. The leading thought must be for people and their quality concern; all operations at each phase and at any level need to acknowledge the elements of the marketing mix. For some services, including events, another 4Ps needs to be considered. These include; People; they are the vital picture in delivering events and conferences, especially proper customer care and effective teamwork. Packaging; is concerned with the way events and conferences are being presented; whether as part of a holiday/ business package. Any marketing is dependent upon the packaging, e.g, a family package. Partnership; the help of others and their marketing presence is very beneficial to make the event or conference successful. Programming; when an event or conference is scheduled will be a main tool in its marketing. It should arouse curiosity and create interest by using extra projects around it. (Adapted from: Watt, 1998) 2.7Impacts of special events and conventions Impacts of events encompass a large number of positive benefits and negative impacts which arises because of an event taking place. Impacts can be positive as well as negative. It is the task of the event manager to identify and predict these impacts and manage them in order to achieve the best balance. Those impacts may be visible before the events actually take place, during the event and after the event and affect the stakeholders and the host population. Thus, it can be argued that there is inequity in the distribution of the impacts and benefits of events. (Hall. 1989) typically impacts from events fall under four categories, namely: Economic Impacts Physical and Environmental Impacts Socio cultural Impacts Political Impacts 2.7.1 Economic Impacts Researchers and industry professionals agree that special events and conventions contribute to regional and national economies (Rutherford Kreck, 1994). According to Crompton et al. (2001), economic impacts of events supplements the traditional financial balance sheets that do not address the issue of what the host population gets in return of those events. The economic benefits that events bring to host destination are diverse. They bring an increase in employment and high income among the community, increased tax receipts and infrastructure. Hosting events demand work force, therefore, the host countrys population benefit from temporary as well as permanent jobs. It can be said that it is more beneficial to employ people residing in the region the event is held because there is no transport cost incurred. But even if labor is not available in the region the event is being held this is not such a major issue. As Mauritius is a small island, one can reach the farthest distance from one place to another in one hour. Tourists and locals come to events to spend; they purchase the tickets to attend to entertainments shows, they spend on food and beverage and so on. Money spent is injected in the local economy. Hence, events enhance the quality of life of people since the positive changes brought to the locality will remain even after the ev ent has been held. The costs associated with the economic impacts of events are the exploitation of resources, inflated prices and opportunity costs. Sellers choose to augment their prices, making more profit to the detriment of the host population Customers of events make inefficient use of the resources. For example, in a sporting event, in a moment of excitement, they can damage the lightings. Once the infrastructure is damaged, people will no longer be attracted to the event. There will be negative word of mouth and they may choose to stop coming there. For a local economy that depends entirely on hosting events, its economy suffers. Also, tourists have high spending powers. 2.7.2 Physical and Environmental impacts Events are excellent way to showcase the unique features of hosts environments. In the interest of sustainability, sound strategic management, cost effectiveness and maximizing sponsorship/funding, it becomes increasingly important to consider environmental impacts of events. Todays customers are looking for eco friendly products. Events market the environment in which it is held. Hall (1989) states that selling the image of an event comprises of the marketing of intrinsic properties of the destination. The impacts will be fairly visible for events that are held in suitable purpose built venues, e.g, stadium, sports ground or conference and exhibition centres. Impacts will be much greater if the event is to be held in public areas not ordinary reserved for event purposes. An event requires an environmental impact assessment before permission is given by government authorities to proceed Events have positive effects on the natural and physical environments. The infrastructure at the destination is re organized, proper road network, lighting and scavenging facilities are set up to accommodate events. There is an improved transport and communication facility in the region. Many of Londons landmark venues have been the legacy of major events, including Crystal Palace (1851 Freat Exhibition) Negative environmental and physical impacts of events occur when the level of visitor use is higher than the carrying capacity of the region. Aspects such as crowd movement and control, noise levels, access and parking are crucial elements. Other important issues include wear and tear of the physical and natural environment, heritage protection and disruption of the local community. Events cause potential threats to natural and built areas. This put enormous pressure on the area and leads to impacts such as land degradation (erosion), increased pollution, discharges into the soil, loss of natural habitat. It often put a strain on water resources and in the long run can force locals to compete for the use of critical resources. The different forms of travel used by the delegates, attendees performers and organizers of events impacts on traffic congestion. Good communication and consultation with local authorities can help resolve of these issues. In addition, careful management planning is required to modify impacts. 2.7.3 Socio cultural impacts Hall and Getz (1997) points out that all events have direct socio cultural impacts on participants as well as host community. Events increase pride of its residents, which results from some community events, national days celebrations, and the validation of specific groups in the regions. Some events leave a legacy of greater awareness and involvement in sporting and cultural activities. Others widens people cultural horizons and uncover them to new and challenging people, traditions and values. For example, the melas held in Leeds every summer have brought about the powerful religious Asian traditions and cultural associations before wider audiences. Events have the art to challenge the imagination and explore new avenues. For example the installation of the Ice Cubes outdoor ice-skating rink at millennium square in Leeds. Moreover, events have the power to form the cornerstone of cultural strategies. Newham Council have developed its local cultural strategy, ‘Reasons to Be Cheerful at the centre of which is the vision that people choosing to live in Newham by 2010. In essence, events can become an o pportunity to improve social relationships, for strengthening peoples abilities to understand one another and for peoples wellbeing ( Kurtzman and Zauhar, 1997). The bigger and more high profile an event is, greater possibilities exists for things to go wrong, hence creating negative impacts. Major events can give rise to unintended social consequences like, substance abuse, unaccepted crowd behavior and an increase in criminal activity (Getz, 1997). If not managed well, these unintended consequences can hijack the agenda and determine the public perception of the event. English football clubs have successfully implemented strategies to deal with alcohol related bad crowd behavior in order to protect their reputation. Badly managed events can also have broader impacts on social life and community structures. These can include loss of amenity because of noise or crowds, resentment of inequitable distribution of costs and benefits as stated by (Getz 1997). Furthermore, commodification, staged authenticity and standardization are classified as negative impacts. 2.7.4 Political Impacts Politics as well as politicians play an important part in the equation that is contemporary event management. Politicians believe that events will keep its population in good health and themselves in power. This is because politicians use events as an indirect means to build their personal profile and gain political advantage. Arnold et al. (1989, pp 191-2) argued that ‘Governments in power will continue to use events to punctuate the ends of their periods in office, to arouse nationalism, enthusiasm and finally, votes. Governments are aware of the ability of events to raise the profiles of politicians and the areas that they lead.

HSBC Bank Mortgage Policies Analysis

HSBC Bank Mortgage Policies Analysis INTRODUCTION: Home is the need of every human being and having their own home is dream of every human being. In the United Kingdom price of the houses are very high and it is not possible for every citizen to buy their own home without taking financial help from financial organization like banks or building societies. When bank or a building society helps someone financially by providing loan, so that a citizen is able to buy his/her own home is called mortgage. In other words we can say a mortgage represents a loan on a property or house that has to be paid over a specified period of time. As financial help is always needed for smooth run of ones life so for the convenience of the people there are many financial organizations such as banks help the people financially, who want to buy their own home and property. So mortgage was introduced by the banks, from which people can get financial help so that one is able to buy his/her own home and property. Mortgage system is very popular among the people of the United Kingdom because this is the only way to buy their own property. As we know that the mortgage is that sum of money which is borrowed from the Bank or Building Society for buying a property and that borrowed amount has to be paid back with principle plus interest within fixed time period. Today mortgage has great importance as it is the only way with the help of which people are able to buy their own property. This dissertation report is based on the theory of research over the mortgage system of HSBC Bank and specifying the various strategies and policies of thei r mortgage system. The purpose of this report is to critically evaluate the mortgage system of HSBC Bank. Company Background: HSBC Bank has its headquarters in London. HSBC took its name from the Hong Kong and Shanghai Corporation which was founded in 1865 to finance trade between China and Europe. HSBC is one of the largest banking and financial services organization in the world. HSBC has 8,000 offices globally. HSBC Bank is one of the major clearing banks in the United Kingdom having more assets than any other bank. The business ranges from the traditional High Street roles of personal finance and commercial banking, to private banking, consumer finance as well as corporate and investment banking. HSBC is listed on the stock exchanges of London, Hong Kong, New York, Paris having around 220,000 shareholders in 119 countries and territories. HSBC has 1500 branches in United Kingdom. HSBC Bank plc is incorporated in England and Wales and established at 8 Canada Square, London E14 5HQ which is its Registered Office. This bank is regulated by the Financial Services Authority and is registered in the Financial Services Authority Register with the Registration Number: 114216. HSBC Bank is member of the Financial Ombudsman Scheme. Literature Review: A mortgage is a conveyance of land or an assignment of chattels as a security for payment of a debt or the discharge of some other obligation for which it is given. This is the idea of a mortgage; and the security is redeemable on the payment or discharge of such debt or obligation, any provision to the contrary notwithstanding (Stanley Wilde 1899) Per Lindley MR. The mortgage is derived from the two words i.e. mort and gage which means dead pledge. The mortgage is usually signed by the borrower and agreed before a public notary and is recorded with the County Recorder. In the mortgage system if the mortgagor fails to pay the installment then the lender has right to close out the mortgage and can sale the property to get the payment for future.(Jack P Friedman, 2003 p.173-204) The mortgage is a  loan  to  finance  for the  purchase  of  real estate, with a specified interest rates and fixed payment time period. The  borrower (mortgagor) gives the  lender  (mortgagee) a  lien  on the property  as  collateral  for the loan. People can borrow money to buy a home and pay interest on the mortgage to the lender (Bank or Building Society). The Lender (Bank) uses borrowers property as security for the loan. This term means that if the borrower fails to pay the monthly installment then lender (Bank) may repossess property. An individual can apply for mortgage from any bank like HSBC, Lloyds TSB, Barclays, and Santander or from Nationwide (Building Society) or from Islamic Bank of Britain. The mortgage makes very easier to pay the huge amount in the monthly installment for the fixed time depends on the mortgage plan. (Jack Guttentag, 2004). The mortgage which suits you the best depends on many parameters which mainly include your risk enduring capacity, your personal financial goals and capabilities and your income. In the presence of so many options and offers present in the market it can surely become a daunting task to select the best mortgage option for you. Considering your dilemma we at finance-strategy.com came up with some useful tit bits which when kept in mind can surely help you make a wise decision towards taking a mortgage. An adjustable rate mortgage is perfect for those situations where you have to stay in that house for a short period of time and when the interest rates in the market are low and are expected to stay so too during the coming times. On the other hand a fixed rate mortgage fits those situations where in you decide to won that house for a longer period of time and the interest rates too are very high at the moment with chances of volatility in the near future. A fixed interest cushions you against these turbulent conditions. The advantages and disadvantages of mortgages will surely take us a step closer towards deciding it for sure if taking a mortgage is the best solution for your situation. Advantages: The most important advantage associated with a mortgage is the fact that it allows us to retain the ownership of our property and at the same time helps us in getting financial aid too. There is no need for one to sell or let go of his property to seek some money in exchange. In a mortgage the lender does not receive any share in the ownership of the property but is only entitled to take back the principal amount and the interest accumulated on the principal amount lent by him to you. the lender can only claim ownership on your property in case you default on the repayment schedule. The other benefit associated with mortgage is the fact that the interest payments on the mortgage are tax free in nature. Since the schedules of repayment are pre fixed and decided it allows you to plan your financials and expenses accordingly thereby simplifying the entire process for you. By availing a mortgage you now have access to cash flow which you were not having in normal conditions and can now use it to fulfill your needs and requirements. Disadvantages: The need of depositing collateral as security works out to be the biggest drawback of mortgages. It restricts the kind of people who can avail a mortgage as only home owners or other asset owners can do so. Also, in case that you default on your payment the lender has the right to claim the property deposited by you as collateral and then subsequently sell it off to claim back the loaned amount he had given you. You have to ensure while taking the mortgage that there is a clause mentioned therein that on repayment of the mortgage the lender has to release the ownership title submitted to him by you. The lender as per his convenience can define several events which he mat term as a default and generally includes inability to pay back the loan, bankruptcy, insolvency or any breach in the mortgage agreement. Therefore the risk of you ending up losing your property increases substantially. Repayment Of Mortgages There are two methods of repaying mortgage, one can choose from these two methods according to ones personal circumstances. Capital Repayment: With a capital repayment plan, monthly payment covers the interest charged on mortgage and it also reduces the outstanding balance each month in line with the term selected. With this repayment plan, one can ensure mortgage is fully paid off at the end of the mortgage period. What we get with the repayment option: Interest and capital repaid monthly payment covers the interest and also reduces the total balance outstanding Secure providing all payments are made, the mortgage will be repaid in full at the end of the agreed mortgage term Choose your repayment term up to a maximum of 30 years. Capital repayment is a repayment option on all of our mortgage products fixed rate, tracker and discount mortgages. Interest only: With an interest only option, monthly payment covers only the interest charged on mortgage, freeing up cash to spend elsewhere or to invest to pay off mortgage at the end of the mortgage term. By repaying only the interest on mortgage, monthly repayments are lower than with an equivalent capital repayment mortgage. What we get with the Interest only option: Interest only the monthly payment covers just the interest and the original capital amount borrowed remains outstanding throughout the term of the loan Lower monthly payments because capital is not repayed, monthly payments will be lower than with a capital repayment mortgage Long repayment term up to a maximum of 40 years Lower borrowing limit up to a maximum of 75% of the purchase price or the valuation of property (whichever is lower) Availability Interest only loans are restricted to home buyers or customers remortgaging from a competitor. Not available to existing customers borrowing further funds. Mortgage products of HSBC Bank Fixed Rate Mortgages: Repayments are fixed for the duration of the fixed term, and because it doesnt vary, monthly repayments remain the same regardless of what happens to interest rates HSBC currently offers fixed-rate mortgages over 2 and 5 year periods. At the end of the period mortgage will revert to the HSBC Variable Rate unless borrower decide to move to another product Feature Fixed Rate Interest Type Fixed Interest Calculated Daily Yes Unlimited over payments without incurring a charge No Early repayment charge Yes Extended tie in period No Exit fee No Can loan can be port if a person move home Yes In Fixed Rate Mortgages early repayment charge applies during the fixed rate period, and if we increase our standard monthly payment by more than 20% or repay, by any other method, the whole or any part of the mortgage, over and above your standard monthly payment during your fixed rate period Tracker Mortgages: The tracker interest we pay is an agreed percentage above the Bank of Englands Base rate. As the base rate rises and falls, the tracker will track these changes, and so rise and fall accordingly. This will affect the monthly payments HSBC Tracker mortgages are Lifetime trackers, in that they track the Base rate for the lifetime of the loan. Therefore we do not have to worry about coming to the end of a deal, and subsequently switching, with the associated costs. Should Base rates rise you can select to move to a fixed rate where booking fees may be payable. Feature Fixed Rate Interest Type Variable Interest Calculated Daily Yes Unlimited over payments without incurring a charge Yes Early repayment charge No Extended tie in period No Exit fee No Can loan can be port if a person move home Yes Discount Mortgages: A discount mortgage is a variable rate mortgage that offers an interest rate that is a discount off the HSBC Variable Rate for an agreed period (e.g. 2 years). With a discount mortgage, monthly payments will go up and down as the HSBC Variable Rate rises and falls. The HSBC Variable Rate is a rate that is internally set by HSBC. An early repayment charge applies during the discounted rate period, and if we increase our standard monthly payment by more than 20% or repay, by any other method, the whole or any part of the mortgage, over and above our standard monthly payment during your discounted rate period. Feature Fixed Rate Interest Type Variable Interest Calculated Daily Yes Unlimited over payments without incurring a charge No Early repayment charge Yes Extended tie in period No Exit fee No Can loan can be port if a person move home Yes GOVT STATISTICS: According to the government statistics the Mortgage Rescue Scheme used to monitor the statistics which usually gives information on the number of householders with having the mortgage difficulties. This scheme has two main elements: Government Mortgage to Rent and â‚ ¬Ã‹Å"Shared Equity The figures which are presented by Government Office Region are usually based on this scheme and submitted to Local Government by local authorities and communities. Local authority figures do not contain estimates for missing returns. Information on the local authority response rate is provided alongside the reported figures for each period. Figures for different periods are shown on separate tabs in the workbook. This is under the Ministry of Justice and the council of mortgage lenders. (www.communities.gov.uk/publications/corporate/statistics/mortgagerescuestatistics2010) Mortgage and landlord possession statistics (NS) 13 March 2010 Quarterly National Statistics on possession actions issued in county courts by mortgage lenders and social and private landlords in England and Wales. This is released quarterly by the ministry of justice and in relation with UK statistics authority. Justification: As having the field of banking I am quite interesting in reviewing the different strategies followed by the banks in the various fields. Moreover it is accessible for me to collect the information regarding my topic as my friend is serving for the both banks. From them I can get the required data regarding my dissertation. The reason behind choosing this topic is that I can get a direction for my future perspective by having the detailed study of this topic. RESEARCH QUESTIONS: The most important parts of the research needed to be covered are as follow:- What are the major resemblances among commercial mortgage in the Britain? What are the considerations customers should employ when choosing a mortgage product? RESEARCH OBJECTIVES: The below mentioned aims are set up on the foundation of planned research questions: To study the different mortgage products of HSBC Bank To recognize the important advantages of the HSBC mortgages over the other commercial mortgages system in the country, To discover the suitable measure. RESEARCH METHOD: Research plan is very important the main component of the research method. In this research method we will give the fundamental sketch of complete research scheme. Research method is the basic initiation of the entire research in it will plan that the how and when the research will be completed and what actions are required to accomplish this task.   This section aims to explain the type of research methods that would be used for the analysis of the proposed company. The results of the research would indicate the range of services that need to be offered, and the suitability of these services for the target market.  Moore (2000)  explains how the methods used will be influenced by constraints, such as time and money. It is important to consider all the methods available and choose a method that is most likely to achieve the objective of the research. Inductive and deductive Approach: RESEARCH OPINION: In the research onion is used to define the whole process of research strategy in detail the generic research process â‚ ¬Ã‹Å"onion support the researchers and give them the direction to do work. (Saunders et al, 2000) There are the different layers which represents the following aspects of the Research Methodology. Research Philosophy Research Approach Research Strategy Time Horizons Data Collection Methods Primary and Secondary Research   Primary data is that type of information which is new and that hasnt been used or collected before. On the other hand the secondary data is that information which has been collected earlier, by some other sources for their own purpose and can used by others for their convenience .(Saunders et al. 1997). Secondary research is also very important for the establishment of data and the collection of data for the current issues and this also helps to discover the relevant studies which can be carried in the past time. Advantages and disadvantages of primary and secondary research methods Primary Research Advantages: This can be used by face to face conversation in the form of interviews or by the telephonic interview. This is used by the help of technology by using mobile phones and through internet communication. A large group of people can be cover in many areas. Wider coverage of geographical areas. This method is cheaper one. . Disadvantages: There are problems to prepare it. The Questions put in this are generally easy to answer. Lower response for the historic things. Time consuming. Secondary Research Advantages: This is time saving method. This can be used by any firm for the research. Sometime this depends upon the type of research which has to be conducted, for that case their advantages and disadvantages vary. Probably accurate. Disadvantages The main disadvantage is that there is no up to date and is collected over the time. And there may be changes in that data which has to be updated. Data may be in unsuitable format. The data is free to all and there no competitive advantages the organisation (Ghauri and Gronhaug, 2002) Qualitative and Quantitative Research   The table below outlines the differences between qualitative and quantitative data: Qualitative Quantitative This research is based on words which are expressed in meaning. Based on derived  from numbers and data. Results collected are non-standardized and data require classification into categories and not in the numerical form. Result of collection is in the numerical form and data is standardized. Conceptualism is used for conduct the analysis. Analysis conducted through there is use   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Of diagrams and statistics. (Dey (1993); Healey and Rawlinson (1994), cited in Saunders et al (2003)) SELECTION OF METHOD: As I have the topic of mortgage system it will be suitable for my topic if I will go through mixture of both approaches i.e. both secondary and primary resources. This will be helpful in collecting the relevant data according to the need and will be useful in going to the depth of the research. On my part it is valuable to go through by considering the research onion. Regarding this I will concern both approaches for my research given by (Saunders and Thornhill in 2000). ETHICS: The main source of data collection methods for my research is quantitative method which is useful for collecting the facts and figure for my research. Moreover I have contacts in the both banks for collecting the information. The manager Of HSBC Bank is in contact with me and he agreed to assist me in providing information as per my requirement. In order to make my research more accurate I will use the secondary data and primary data sources as well. By this I can get all the information regarding the mortgage system of the both banks with the required form of data in order to take the comparison of the policies given by the both banks for the mortgage system they provided to their customers. For the guidelines I will do all the work under my supervisor and take suggestion and help of my supervisor time to time to complete my dissertation. SCOPE: The topic of mortgage system has wider scope in the present time as there is a great demand for the mortgage products in the current market position. The theory of my topic is controllable therefore I can do better by keep in mind the wider scope of my study. Even this will help me in future to get the good job in Banking Industry. HSBC Bank Mortgage Policies Analysis HSBC Bank Mortgage Policies Analysis INTRODUCTION: Home is the need of every human being and having their own home is dream of every human being. In the United Kingdom price of the houses are very high and it is not possible for every citizen to buy their own home without taking financial help from financial organization like banks or building societies. When bank or a building society helps someone financially by providing loan, so that a citizen is able to buy his/her own home is called mortgage. In other words we can say a mortgage represents a loan on a property or house that has to be paid over a specified period of time. As financial help is always needed for smooth run of ones life so for the convenience of the people there are many financial organizations such as banks help the people financially, who want to buy their own home and property. So mortgage was introduced by the banks, from which people can get financial help so that one is able to buy his/her own home and property. Mortgage system is very popular among the people of the United Kingdom because this is the only way to buy their own property. As we know that the mortgage is that sum of money which is borrowed from the Bank or Building Society for buying a property and that borrowed amount has to be paid back with principle plus interest within fixed time period. Today mortgage has great importance as it is the only way with the help of which people are able to buy their own property. This dissertation report is based on the theory of research over the mortgage system of HSBC Bank and specifying the various strategies and policies of thei r mortgage system. The purpose of this report is to critically evaluate the mortgage system of HSBC Bank. Company Background: HSBC Bank has its headquarters in London. HSBC took its name from the Hong Kong and Shanghai Corporation which was founded in 1865 to finance trade between China and Europe. HSBC is one of the largest banking and financial services organization in the world. HSBC has 8,000 offices globally. HSBC Bank is one of the major clearing banks in the United Kingdom having more assets than any other bank. The business ranges from the traditional High Street roles of personal finance and commercial banking, to private banking, consumer finance as well as corporate and investment banking. HSBC is listed on the stock exchanges of London, Hong Kong, New York, Paris having around 220,000 shareholders in 119 countries and territories. HSBC has 1500 branches in United Kingdom. HSBC Bank plc is incorporated in England and Wales and established at 8 Canada Square, London E14 5HQ which is its Registered Office. This bank is regulated by the Financial Services Authority and is registered in the Financial Services Authority Register with the Registration Number: 114216. HSBC Bank is member of the Financial Ombudsman Scheme. Literature Review: A mortgage is a conveyance of land or an assignment of chattels as a security for payment of a debt or the discharge of some other obligation for which it is given. This is the idea of a mortgage; and the security is redeemable on the payment or discharge of such debt or obligation, any provision to the contrary notwithstanding (Stanley Wilde 1899) Per Lindley MR. The mortgage is derived from the two words i.e. mort and gage which means dead pledge. The mortgage is usually signed by the borrower and agreed before a public notary and is recorded with the County Recorder. In the mortgage system if the mortgagor fails to pay the installment then the lender has right to close out the mortgage and can sale the property to get the payment for future.(Jack P Friedman, 2003 p.173-204) The mortgage is a  loan  to  finance  for the  purchase  of  real estate, with a specified interest rates and fixed payment time period. The  borrower (mortgagor) gives the  lender  (mortgagee) a  lien  on the property  as  collateral  for the loan. People can borrow money to buy a home and pay interest on the mortgage to the lender (Bank or Building Society). The Lender (Bank) uses borrowers property as security for the loan. This term means that if the borrower fails to pay the monthly installment then lender (Bank) may repossess property. An individual can apply for mortgage from any bank like HSBC, Lloyds TSB, Barclays, and Santander or from Nationwide (Building Society) or from Islamic Bank of Britain. The mortgage makes very easier to pay the huge amount in the monthly installment for the fixed time depends on the mortgage plan. (Jack Guttentag, 2004). The mortgage which suits you the best depends on many parameters which mainly include your risk enduring capacity, your personal financial goals and capabilities and your income. In the presence of so many options and offers present in the market it can surely become a daunting task to select the best mortgage option for you. Considering your dilemma we at finance-strategy.com came up with some useful tit bits which when kept in mind can surely help you make a wise decision towards taking a mortgage. An adjustable rate mortgage is perfect for those situations where you have to stay in that house for a short period of time and when the interest rates in the market are low and are expected to stay so too during the coming times. On the other hand a fixed rate mortgage fits those situations where in you decide to won that house for a longer period of time and the interest rates too are very high at the moment with chances of volatility in the near future. A fixed interest cushions you against these turbulent conditions. The advantages and disadvantages of mortgages will surely take us a step closer towards deciding it for sure if taking a mortgage is the best solution for your situation. Advantages: The most important advantage associated with a mortgage is the fact that it allows us to retain the ownership of our property and at the same time helps us in getting financial aid too. There is no need for one to sell or let go of his property to seek some money in exchange. In a mortgage the lender does not receive any share in the ownership of the property but is only entitled to take back the principal amount and the interest accumulated on the principal amount lent by him to you. the lender can only claim ownership on your property in case you default on the repayment schedule. The other benefit associated with mortgage is the fact that the interest payments on the mortgage are tax free in nature. Since the schedules of repayment are pre fixed and decided it allows you to plan your financials and expenses accordingly thereby simplifying the entire process for you. By availing a mortgage you now have access to cash flow which you were not having in normal conditions and can now use it to fulfill your needs and requirements. Disadvantages: The need of depositing collateral as security works out to be the biggest drawback of mortgages. It restricts the kind of people who can avail a mortgage as only home owners or other asset owners can do so. Also, in case that you default on your payment the lender has the right to claim the property deposited by you as collateral and then subsequently sell it off to claim back the loaned amount he had given you. You have to ensure while taking the mortgage that there is a clause mentioned therein that on repayment of the mortgage the lender has to release the ownership title submitted to him by you. The lender as per his convenience can define several events which he mat term as a default and generally includes inability to pay back the loan, bankruptcy, insolvency or any breach in the mortgage agreement. Therefore the risk of you ending up losing your property increases substantially. Repayment Of Mortgages There are two methods of repaying mortgage, one can choose from these two methods according to ones personal circumstances. Capital Repayment: With a capital repayment plan, monthly payment covers the interest charged on mortgage and it also reduces the outstanding balance each month in line with the term selected. With this repayment plan, one can ensure mortgage is fully paid off at the end of the mortgage period. What we get with the repayment option: Interest and capital repaid monthly payment covers the interest and also reduces the total balance outstanding Secure providing all payments are made, the mortgage will be repaid in full at the end of the agreed mortgage term Choose your repayment term up to a maximum of 30 years. Capital repayment is a repayment option on all of our mortgage products fixed rate, tracker and discount mortgages. Interest only: With an interest only option, monthly payment covers only the interest charged on mortgage, freeing up cash to spend elsewhere or to invest to pay off mortgage at the end of the mortgage term. By repaying only the interest on mortgage, monthly repayments are lower than with an equivalent capital repayment mortgage. What we get with the Interest only option: Interest only the monthly payment covers just the interest and the original capital amount borrowed remains outstanding throughout the term of the loan Lower monthly payments because capital is not repayed, monthly payments will be lower than with a capital repayment mortgage Long repayment term up to a maximum of 40 years Lower borrowing limit up to a maximum of 75% of the purchase price or the valuation of property (whichever is lower) Availability Interest only loans are restricted to home buyers or customers remortgaging from a competitor. Not available to existing customers borrowing further funds. Mortgage products of HSBC Bank Fixed Rate Mortgages: Repayments are fixed for the duration of the fixed term, and because it doesnt vary, monthly repayments remain the same regardless of what happens to interest rates HSBC currently offers fixed-rate mortgages over 2 and 5 year periods. At the end of the period mortgage will revert to the HSBC Variable Rate unless borrower decide to move to another product Feature Fixed Rate Interest Type Fixed Interest Calculated Daily Yes Unlimited over payments without incurring a charge No Early repayment charge Yes Extended tie in period No Exit fee No Can loan can be port if a person move home Yes In Fixed Rate Mortgages early repayment charge applies during the fixed rate period, and if we increase our standard monthly payment by more than 20% or repay, by any other method, the whole or any part of the mortgage, over and above your standard monthly payment during your fixed rate period Tracker Mortgages: The tracker interest we pay is an agreed percentage above the Bank of Englands Base rate. As the base rate rises and falls, the tracker will track these changes, and so rise and fall accordingly. This will affect the monthly payments HSBC Tracker mortgages are Lifetime trackers, in that they track the Base rate for the lifetime of the loan. Therefore we do not have to worry about coming to the end of a deal, and subsequently switching, with the associated costs. Should Base rates rise you can select to move to a fixed rate where booking fees may be payable. Feature Fixed Rate Interest Type Variable Interest Calculated Daily Yes Unlimited over payments without incurring a charge Yes Early repayment charge No Extended tie in period No Exit fee No Can loan can be port if a person move home Yes Discount Mortgages: A discount mortgage is a variable rate mortgage that offers an interest rate that is a discount off the HSBC Variable Rate for an agreed period (e.g. 2 years). With a discount mortgage, monthly payments will go up and down as the HSBC Variable Rate rises and falls. The HSBC Variable Rate is a rate that is internally set by HSBC. An early repayment charge applies during the discounted rate period, and if we increase our standard monthly payment by more than 20% or repay, by any other method, the whole or any part of the mortgage, over and above our standard monthly payment during your discounted rate period. Feature Fixed Rate Interest Type Variable Interest Calculated Daily Yes Unlimited over payments without incurring a charge No Early repayment charge Yes Extended tie in period No Exit fee No Can loan can be port if a person move home Yes GOVT STATISTICS: According to the government statistics the Mortgage Rescue Scheme used to monitor the statistics which usually gives information on the number of householders with having the mortgage difficulties. This scheme has two main elements: Government Mortgage to Rent and â‚ ¬Ã‹Å"Shared Equity The figures which are presented by Government Office Region are usually based on this scheme and submitted to Local Government by local authorities and communities. Local authority figures do not contain estimates for missing returns. Information on the local authority response rate is provided alongside the reported figures for each period. Figures for different periods are shown on separate tabs in the workbook. This is under the Ministry of Justice and the council of mortgage lenders. (www.communities.gov.uk/publications/corporate/statistics/mortgagerescuestatistics2010) Mortgage and landlord possession statistics (NS) 13 March 2010 Quarterly National Statistics on possession actions issued in county courts by mortgage lenders and social and private landlords in England and Wales. This is released quarterly by the ministry of justice and in relation with UK statistics authority. Justification: As having the field of banking I am quite interesting in reviewing the different strategies followed by the banks in the various fields. Moreover it is accessible for me to collect the information regarding my topic as my friend is serving for the both banks. From them I can get the required data regarding my dissertation. The reason behind choosing this topic is that I can get a direction for my future perspective by having the detailed study of this topic. RESEARCH QUESTIONS: The most important parts of the research needed to be covered are as follow:- What are the major resemblances among commercial mortgage in the Britain? What are the considerations customers should employ when choosing a mortgage product? RESEARCH OBJECTIVES: The below mentioned aims are set up on the foundation of planned research questions: To study the different mortgage products of HSBC Bank To recognize the important advantages of the HSBC mortgages over the other commercial mortgages system in the country, To discover the suitable measure. RESEARCH METHOD: Research plan is very important the main component of the research method. In this research method we will give the fundamental sketch of complete research scheme. Research method is the basic initiation of the entire research in it will plan that the how and when the research will be completed and what actions are required to accomplish this task.   This section aims to explain the type of research methods that would be used for the analysis of the proposed company. The results of the research would indicate the range of services that need to be offered, and the suitability of these services for the target market.  Moore (2000)  explains how the methods used will be influenced by constraints, such as time and money. It is important to consider all the methods available and choose a method that is most likely to achieve the objective of the research. Inductive and deductive Approach: RESEARCH OPINION: In the research onion is used to define the whole process of research strategy in detail the generic research process â‚ ¬Ã‹Å"onion support the researchers and give them the direction to do work. (Saunders et al, 2000) There are the different layers which represents the following aspects of the Research Methodology. Research Philosophy Research Approach Research Strategy Time Horizons Data Collection Methods Primary and Secondary Research   Primary data is that type of information which is new and that hasnt been used or collected before. On the other hand the secondary data is that information which has been collected earlier, by some other sources for their own purpose and can used by others for their convenience .(Saunders et al. 1997). Secondary research is also very important for the establishment of data and the collection of data for the current issues and this also helps to discover the relevant studies which can be carried in the past time. Advantages and disadvantages of primary and secondary research methods Primary Research Advantages: This can be used by face to face conversation in the form of interviews or by the telephonic interview. This is used by the help of technology by using mobile phones and through internet communication. A large group of people can be cover in many areas. Wider coverage of geographical areas. This method is cheaper one. . Disadvantages: There are problems to prepare it. The Questions put in this are generally easy to answer. Lower response for the historic things. Time consuming. Secondary Research Advantages: This is time saving method. This can be used by any firm for the research. Sometime this depends upon the type of research which has to be conducted, for that case their advantages and disadvantages vary. Probably accurate. Disadvantages The main disadvantage is that there is no up to date and is collected over the time. And there may be changes in that data which has to be updated. Data may be in unsuitable format. The data is free to all and there no competitive advantages the organisation (Ghauri and Gronhaug, 2002) Qualitative and Quantitative Research   The table below outlines the differences between qualitative and quantitative data: Qualitative Quantitative This research is based on words which are expressed in meaning. Based on derived  from numbers and data. Results collected are non-standardized and data require classification into categories and not in the numerical form. Result of collection is in the numerical form and data is standardized. Conceptualism is used for conduct the analysis. Analysis conducted through there is use   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Of diagrams and statistics. (Dey (1993); Healey and Rawlinson (1994), cited in Saunders et al (2003)) SELECTION OF METHOD: As I have the topic of mortgage system it will be suitable for my topic if I will go through mixture of both approaches i.e. both secondary and primary resources. This will be helpful in collecting the relevant data according to the need and will be useful in going to the depth of the research. On my part it is valuable to go through by considering the research onion. Regarding this I will concern both approaches for my research given by (Saunders and Thornhill in 2000). ETHICS: The main source of data collection methods for my research is quantitative method which is useful for collecting the facts and figure for my research. Moreover I have contacts in the both banks for collecting the information. The manager Of HSBC Bank is in contact with me and he agreed to assist me in providing information as per my requirement. In order to make my research more accurate I will use the secondary data and primary data sources as well. By this I can get all the information regarding the mortgage system of the both banks with the required form of data in order to take the comparison of the policies given by the both banks for the mortgage system they provided to their customers. For the guidelines I will do all the work under my supervisor and take suggestion and help of my supervisor time to time to complete my dissertation. SCOPE: The topic of mortgage system has wider scope in the present time as there is a great demand for the mortgage products in the current market position. The theory of my topic is controllable therefore I can do better by keep in mind the wider scope of my study. Even this will help me in future to get the good job in Banking Industry.