Case Study on Processes in Pre-school Children Essay

Description of Child In order to be a school age child or in middle childhood you first have to go through the preschool years. Jose was born in Salinas, CA in February 2009. He lives with his mother and dad and has two sisters. His mother doesn’t work right now so, he is most of the time with his mother while his dad works full time and only sees him before going to sleep. Both of his parents are Mexican descent and are a working class. For his age, he is the average size and has short hair and dark brown eyes. Physical Development of Child To begin with, Jose weighted about 40 pounds (18kg) and was 3 feet and 7 inches (43 inches) tall when I examined him (Parent Interview, May 10, 2014). Based on the growth curve tables given†¦show more content†¦By doing all this things the parents will reduce the risk for their children to develop future obesity and instead maintain them in a healthy weight based on Steinberg, Vandell, and Bornstein (2011).Second, he sleeps about 10 hours every day (Parent Interview, May 10, 2014) and according to Steinberg, Vandell, and Bornstein children from ages four to six years need ten to eleven hours of sleep because this is essential to physical development since, the growth hormone is being released (2011).Lastly, some milestones in fine and gross motor skills that he has attained at his age are that he can now dress up by himself and he doesn’t need any help. Also, he can tie his shoes without help and all of this are some fine motor skills (Pa rent Interview, May 10, 2014).Too, some gross motor skills that Jose has conquered are that when he was three years he started to ride the tricycle that his dad bought him for his birthday and as well, his mom saw him being able to stand on one foot (Parent Interview, May 10, 2014).To add up, based on the table on normative standards for motor development that Steinberg, Vandell, and Bornstein provided children age five can dress up by themselves and tie their shoes without any help. Too, when they are three they ride the tricycle and can stand on one foot (2011). Cognitive/Intellectual Development of Child Jose is five years and he has entered the preoperational stage where his use of symbolic thinking or representationShow MoreRelatedThe Cycles Approach For Children With Severe Speech Sound Disorders1654 Words   |  7 PagesThe purpose of this evidence based research paper is to evaluate the efficacy of the cycles approach when compared to the traditional articulation therapy approach in the treatment of children who are highly unintelligible. The Cycles Phonological Remediation Approach (Hodson, 2011) is a treatment method for children with severe speech sound disorders. This approach targets phonological pattern errors in a sequential manner. During each cycle, one or more phonological patterns are targeted and afterRead More Impact Of Prematurity On Development Essay example1380 Words   |  6 Pagesit is not very severe in most cases, and is easily treated. 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Globalization and Free Trade - 1650 Words

In the actual free trade context in the globalized nation, it is referring to a freedom for businesses to trade between countries at no barrier from government intervention which includes imposing tax on the products and services, subsidies, import and export quota limitation, as well as imposing trade legislation. However, this cannot be realized in today’s world (White, 2008) due to the fact that each country needs to protect and balance between the three major aspects which is the social, economy and politic domestically in order to compete in the competitive world and at the same time contribute to peace of the world. This is especially true for the developing countries such as Malaysia, China, India and et cetera as compared to the†¦show more content†¦The finished goods will then be imported back to the country and the domestic consumer will have to fork out more money to afford the product where the initial raw material came from them. This directly affected t he increase in cost of living at the developing country to purchase the imported goods at a higher price due to the fact that the research and development, technology and knowledge were not as good as the developed countries. A significant example would be the Malaysia rubber being the highest quality rubber in the world. One of the most famous brands in condom industry named DUREX is made from high quality rubber from Malaysia (Sheridan, 2006). After manufacturing the condom in Thailand which offers cheaper labors, they will market the product throughout the nation which includes Malaysia. Since Malaysia does not have the expertise in manufacture condom given the high quality local rubber, the local consumer has to purchase the imported condoms which is of higher price. As the demand increases for the raw material, it was exported out from the developing countries and this will eventually lead to scarcity of resource as raw material is finite. 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Public Relations and Communication Business Management

Question: Discuss about the Public Relations and Communication Business Management. Answer: Introduction Effective communication is of an utmost importance to most of the aspects of human life such as in educational institution, workplace and public gathering places. The importance of communication can only be measured with its consequence on the respective society or place. However, effective communication can be termed as a fact, which is necessary to address to the dialogic exchanges in between the listener or the speaker. The development of effective communication in a person is influenced by its every changing stage in life such as in school or degree colleges and at workplace (Guffey and Loewy 2012). The main purpose of this assignment is to understand the effectiveness of a communication of irrespective types and the some useful tips to measure it. Incident related to poor communication One of the most weird example of poor communication have had happened in my organization where I am working as an IT expert. The incident took place when one of the supervisors did complain about some of the faulty behaviour of the computer system. The complaint was responded efficiently from the team of IT experts. However, the problem required the inclusion of added RAM in the system, which indeed needs to be addressed to the higher management to avail the required financial support. The IT expert did ask the supervisors to send a mail to the IT department citing the whole incident. In spite of informing to the IT department through mailing, the supervisors did forget to address the issue by sending the mail to the IT department (Grunig 2013). The poor communication in between the supervisors and the IT department did result in no work done related to the system. This indeed became responsible for the persistence of the problem even further. It certainly wasted some significant time as well as it also hampered the project as it was close to the assigned deadlines. Drafting a mail is the most acceptable mode of establishing a formal communication within the organization. It could have been sorted out quite efficiently if there were no such negligence from the supervisors part. The best way to ignore such communication gap is the prioritising of the tasks based on their importance. The highlighted problem should have been prioritised as the project was nearing its set deadline (Kaul 2014). Dialogic communication is perhaps the best mode to facilitate strategy making in organizations. The dialogic communication at the workplace in the recent past has taken a significant change in recent time. In the past, the importance of dialogic communication was not known. This has resulted in certain communication related failure, which also influenced the business operation. Some of the communication related gap was found when mail was not sent to the IT department, which eventually hampered the project. However, in recent time, there has been a strict instruction from the management to maintain a healthy mailing practice. The supervisors and al the high positioned staffs of the Company are engaged in a good mailing practice. They have understood the importance of professional mode of communication (Cornelissen 2014). Dialogic Communication is very important in business terms. This is because of the fact that it helps in making the strategies, proposing actions and implementing the discussed actions. Dialogic communication involves the participation of all the attendees for receiving some valuable feedbacks and suggestions. It is an undeniable fact that strategy making involves the understanding of every domains of working at the workplace. For example, to impose some working guidelines into an organization, it is important to have discussions with the HRM for discussing over the proposed changes. This provides ample of moment to the HRM to understand exactly the matter of discussion. This indeed is helpful when they would contact and have discussions with the employees over the proposed changes. Dialogic form of communication is perhaps the most productive form of communication that is in practice. This is because of the fact that it encourages knowledge sharing in between the speakers and the li steners. This also effectively facilitates the smooth progress of the meeting as the interest level of participants is aroused by their sheer concentration and understanding of the transformed information (Chen, Chiang and Storey 2012). Ideal Business Communication Skills Business communication skills can be developed in numerous ways as understood from the above discussions on the dialogic form of communication. The insights that can be derived from the above discussion are as follows that are extremely helpful in developing and improving the business communication: The listening skills are perhaps one of the most effective factors for improving the business communication. This is because of the fact that it helps in catching and transforming the grabbed information to a more developed form of business operation. Attentiveness, which is another part of active listening, is something that facilitates the transformation of information from the higher management to tie employees. It is often observed that employees those are less attentive tends to lose their grip on the matter of discussion. Attentiveness helps in collecting, transforming and understanding the grabbed information (Martin and Nakayama 2013). Collaborative approach during the discussion Dictatorship would certainly hamper the interest level of participants. This is because of the fact that they tend to perceive this as some kinds of lectures. This is because of a psychological problem of human being, which generally encourages them for not liking any kinds of lectures. This is indeed important for the speaker to understand the mentality of the participants and act accordingly. However, this is indeed difficult to analyse the mentalities of all the participants. This is not feasible with respect to the time allotment. The best way to go for a talkative session is to stick with the dialogic form of communication, which invites every participant for addressing the issue with some useful suggestions and feedbacks. Collaborative approach does also bring harmonization of work spirit within the organization. This happens because of the fact that it forms a bonding in between al the participators of the discussions (Petty and Cacioppo 2012). Sensitive issues should be addressed to the higher management for avoiding any communication gap at the workplace. Sensitive issues can be of any type such as urgent repairing of tools and devices that are important for the operation. The damages that are done to the tools and the devices needs to be addressed to the higher management through the medium of professional communication modes. Drafting a mail to the respective department would be the best professional mode to address the issue. This is one of the vital parts of an organization that needs to be addressed quickly in order to prevent the organization from any such potential damages. Quick responses are important to have competitive edge in the market as this brings effective and quick responses against the changing face and demand of the market (Castells 2013). Enhancing the learning memory Enhancement of memorising power is of utmost importance to the development of interpersonal communication skills. Efforts should be given to memorise important events at the workplace. This is helpful in avoiding the communication related gaps to some extent. For example, if someone is asked to address the issue to the higher management through mail, it becomes necessary for the particular to memorise the instructions. Moreover, if it does not do so, it would fall short of making any commitment fulfilled (Cornelissen 2014). The different forms of insights that are mentioned above are indicative in their nature as they facilitate knowledge sharing in between the person and the insights methods. All the above-mentioned factors are extremely helpful in educating an individual on the business communication perspectives. This is because of the fact that these communication development techniques infuse sufficient amount of knowledge into its bearer. Moreover, the educative transformation of knowledge on the communication is helpful in judging the personal position in terms of interpersonal business communication (Grunig 2013). Conclusion Communication is very important for everyone in this world; however, it grows in its importance when it reaches to the organizational level. The area of working of an organization is very high, which makes this a challenge for all the associate people to have a smooth interpersonal communication. There is no place to any communication related failure in an organization. The failure can only be entertained if it has not hampered any business operations; however, the incurred losses would leave any place of consolidation to the communication related failure. References Castells, M., 2013.Communication power. OUP Oxford. Chen, H., Chiang, R.H. and Storey, V.C., 2012. Business intelligence and analytics: From big data to big impact.MIS quarterly,36(4), pp.1165-1188. Cornelissen, J., 2014.Corporate communication: A guide to theory and practice. Sage. Grunig, J.E., 2013.Excellence in public relations and communication management. Routledge. Guffey, M.E. and Loewy, D., 2012.Essentials of business communication. Cengage Learning. Kaul, A., 2014.Effective business communication. PHI Learning Pvt. Ltd.. Martin, J.N. and Nakayama, T.K., 2013.Experiencing intercultural communication. McGraw-Hill Higher Education. Petty, R. and Cacioppo, J., 2012.Communication and persuasion: Central and peripheral routes to attitude change. Springer Science Business Media.

The Global Political Economy

There are three main theories and worldviews involved in analyzing the global political economy. The first of these worldviews is liberalism. Under liberalism, individual corporations are regarded as the basic units of analysis. Moreover, the market is superior to the state, and the government plays a minimal role in the economy. The theory was developed by Adam Smith and David Ricardo, economists by their own rights.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Global Political Economy specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Later, it was modified by Raymond Vernon and turned into the Sovereignty-at-Bay theory. The second theory is economic nationalism. It is the worldview that takes the state as its basic unit of analysis. In this theory, the state is superior to the market. In addition, the government, through its various agencies, plays a significant role in the economy. The government regulates prices, production and such o ther issues related to the economy. The theory was originally developed by Hamilton and List. It was later modified by Kindleberger. The third form of worldview is structuralism theory. In this theory, class is taken as the basic unit of analysis. Under structuralism, the dominant class in the society wields significant control over the market and the state. For example, the dominant class controls the means of production, as well as the government. The current paper is written against this background. In the paper, the author examines how the International Monetary Fund (herein referred to as the IMF) has used liberalism to control developing nations in Latin America and Asia. The International Monetary Fund has a long history in the global economy. The organization was created on December 27th, 1945. The initial membership of the organization was 45 nations. The brains behind the creation of the organization were motivated by several objectives. One of the major objectives of the IMF was to stabilize exchange rates in the global market. The organization was also aimed at regulating and stabilizing the international payment system after the Second World War. Member countries contribute money to the organization. Nations facing various financial challenges borrow from these funds and repay their loans with interest. Another role of the IMF is to provide guidance to member states on how to grow their economies and formulate sound economic policies. As of today, the organization has 188 members drawn from all continents in the world.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Many countries, especially those with transitional and developing economies, have encountered various challenges emanating from budget deficits. An example of how the IMF relates with its member nations is illustrated by the agreement that the organization made with Brazil in late 1990s. Aroun d this time, the country was going through a crisis related to its Balance of Payments (herein referred to as BOP). The organization and the government agreed that after receiving financial assistance, the Central Bank will make sure that interest rates in the country remain high. The demand was just one of the conditions put in place by the IMF. According to the IMF, the conditions were put in place for two main reasons. The first justification given by the organization for the conditions was to keep investors in the country. The organization felt that the new policies will not only lock the existing local investors in the country, but will also attract foreign investor. The second reason used to justify the conditions was to reduce the rate of economic growth in the country. However, just like many other developing nations, Brazil found faced various challenges in efforts to implement the new policies prescribed by the organization. For example, the government found it politically difficult to adopt some of the measures. If implemented, the government felt that the policies will make the regime unpopular in the country. High interest rates may also lead to civil unrest in the country. At the end of the day, the Brazilian government was unable to address the budget deficit. The relationship between the IMF and the Brazilian government can be analyzed from the perspective of the liberalism theory. According to this theory, the IMF, as an organization, can have primacy over the state. The superiority of the organization to local governments is expressed through the various conditions given by IMF, conditions that member states have to stick to for them to retain their membership in the organization. The conditions put in place by IMF and other similar organizations are normally referred to as structural adjustment programs (herein referred to as SAPs). The conditions, which are set by other bodies, such as the World Bank Group (herein referred to as WBG) and th e World Trade Organization (herein referred to as WTO) are associated with radical trade liberalization.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Global Political Economy specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Such liberalizations are not supported by most developing nations in the world. The main reason for this lack of support is the fact that the developing nations feel that the liberalization policies are structured to benefit the developed nations at their expense. However, given the amount of money such countries owe the IMF, they do not have any option other than to comply with the demands of these organizations. Analysts and economic scholars refer to this situation as arm-twisting on the part of the organizations. Such arm-twisting measures, which are meant to put pressure on developing countries, were evident during the Uruguay Round negotiations. During the negotiations, most third world economies expressed thei r lack of support for the process. The lack of support was evident in their passive participation in the process, as well as lack of representation. However, the developing nations were dragged into endorsing the 1994 Marrakesh Accord, which established the WTO. The accord also sealed the negotiations made during the Uruguay Round. Only a minority of developing countries, most of them belonging to the Cairns Group, were in support of WTO. Their support was pegged on hopes of WTO widening the market for their agricultural products. The forceful liberalization of markets, which is championed by the IMF, has not benefited the developing economies as expected. For instance, before 1997, most nations in East Asia had fairly successful economies. For a period of about thirty years, ending in 1997, the economies of these nations recorded positive growth. The countries had recorded impressive results in the health, education, and economic sectors. In addition, they had very low levels of po verty. However, in the early 1990s, the markets were liberalized due to international pressure from IMF and the United States of America. Consequently, such countries as Thailand received short-term capital assistance, which could not be used for long term investments. For example, the country was unable to use the capital assistance to put in place such infrastructures as factories. Instead, the money was used to pump a real estate bubble, which eventually burst.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Just like in the case of Latin America in 1997, the IMF prescribed controversial policies to address the economic challenges faced by Thailand. The organization advised the government to put in place stringent and politically unviable measures to address the economic challenges. Soon after this, all the other nations in the region were suffering from the same problems. The most surprising thing was that the IMF ought to have known that the remedy was not working, given the effects it had on Brazil and other nations. However, the organization went ahead and prescribed the same â€Å"solution† in Thailand. In the late 1990s, the economies of Latin America and East Asia were significantly different from one another. As a result, the attempt by the IMF to solve the challenges faced by economies in the two regions using the same strategy was a big mistake. For instance, the rate of inflation in South Korea at this time was 4%. While the problems in Brazil and other Latin American countries had to do with their imprudent governments, the imprudence in East Asia was in the private sector, and not in the public sector. As such, austerity was not the approach to use in East Asia. Other organizations, such as the World Bank, were becoming increasingly aware of the negative effects of market liberalization. To address the problem, the organizations were advocating for stringent conditions for financial aid in the region. However, the IMF refused to act with consideration. The crux of the problem is that whereas the IMF is intended to serve the developing countries, it is largely controlled by industrial economies. In practice, and through the imposition of trade policies, the IMF is crippling democracies around the world. In theory, the organization is expected to support the same democratic institutions. It is widely believed that the IMF negotiates the conditions for receiving aid with member countries. However, this is not the case given that it is not possible to have balanced negotiations when the power to decide is vested on one party. Additionally, the organization does not give member countries enough time to build consensus or even consult with their civil societies and parliaments. At times, aid is offered on a plate that seems quite open, but the real covenants are negotiated in secret. Before dispatching aid, the IMF sends its mission of economists to the member country. The mission lacks knowledge with regard to the culture of the developing countries. The mission is given a very short time to come up with the most suitable program for the country. At the end, the information they collect and present to the IMF does not represent the nation’s development strategy. Furthermore, some of the models used by the economists are either out-of-date or flawed given that they are developed without taking into consideration the economic dynamics of the developing world. The East Asia crisis spread to Indonesia, and the IMF again off ered the same solution of funds with stringent conditions, especially increasing interest rates. The argument of the IMF this time round was that Indonesia would make it through like Mexico. However, a closer look reveals that Mexico had not made it through the financial crisis with the help of the IMF. On the contrary, the country managed to get over the depression because of the increase of exports to the US. At that time, Japan was Indonesia’s main partner in trade. As a result, the situation in Indonesia was highly explosive, socially and politically, compared to that in Mexico. The IMF was just about to intensify the capital strife in the country through its restrictions that would hinder the relaxed flow of currency. At a time when the nation needed fuel and food subsidies, the government was forced to cut its spending. As a result, subsidies were eliminated. In 1998, World Bank’s vice president in East Asia averred that the region was going through a recession. In light of the record high rates of unemployment and the number of businesses that went bankrupt, the vice president could not have been more right in summing up the situation. To make matters worse, the region was unable to take advantage of opportunities provided by low exchange rates. By the end of 1998, the depression reached Russia. The similarity between what happened in Russia and East Asia was represented by the participation of the United States and IMF. In the case of Russia, the IMF was largely advised by a group of macroeconomists who did not have an idea with regard to Russian economic history. Lack of adequate consultations, which was fueled by a know-it-all attitude exhibited by the IMF and local macroeconomists, led to the economic setback that was recorded after the 1993 elections. The economic shock experienced in the country did little to move Russia towards the envisaged market economy. The Treasury and the IMF paid very little attention, if any, to institutiona l infrastructure. Instead, the agencies provided the oligarchs with the opportunity to plunder the economy. In conclusion, it is important to reiterate that the IMF was formed to assist developing nations overcome economic and capital challenges. However, the organization has ended up controlling these economies through liberalization of capital markets. In the end, developing countries are stuck with deficits that have turned into recessions and depressions. In light of these realities, the IMF should abandon liberalism and let the developing countries grow their economies at their own pace without interference. This essay on The Global Political Economy was written and submitted by user Jason Mcbride to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.